|
During the late 1940s and 1950s, Sweden had programs for both nuclear and chemical weapons. During the first decades of the Cold War, a nuclear weapons program was active. No weapon was ever deployed. In the late 1960s, the political landscape and budgetary problems hindered the use of these weapons, and, by the mid-1970s, all plans for weapons of mass destruction had been scrapped. ==Nuclear weapons== (詳細はnuclear weapon programme was started in early 1946 after World War II and the American nuclear bombing of the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In the early years after the war, Sweden made a decision to become a neutral power that could defend itself militarily against any invading power. The biggest threats to Sweden were Soviet nuclear capabilities and, in the late 1940s and 1950s, much research was made into nuclear weapons. In 1948, the first solid plans on how to create an atomic weapon was presented to the FOA (''Försvarets forskningsanstalt'', Swedish Defence Research Agency). Plans were established to run a civilian nuclear power programme in parallel, using domestic uranium resources as nuclear fuel. The Ågesta and Marviken reactors were supposed to produce plutonium for the weapons, while also producing energy. The Saab 36 was a planned attack aircraft that would be able to deliver nuclear weapons. Later on, submarines and aircraft were configured as a means of delivery as well. All of the nuclear development activities took place at the FOA. The plan was to produce 100 warheads in a timespan of ten years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bergrum.se/sverige/gemensamt/atomvapen.html )〕 During the 1960s, it was still not clear if Sweden should develop a nuclear weapons capacity. By the end of the 1960s, the Swedish government, because of military budget constraints, had to choose between a nuclear weapon or a new fighter aircraft (the Saab 37 Viggen). The choice fell with the new fighter. All the plans for a Swedish nuclear weapon were scrapped by 1968, when Sweden signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In 1972, the last remnants of a plan for nuclear weapons was discontinued when the FoA stopped their experiments with plutonium. Sweden did, however, continue with civilian nuclear power and, as of 2012, Sweden had 10 active nuclear reactors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vattenfall.se/sv/fragor-och-svar-om-karnkraft.htm#top )〕 In March 2012, Sweden exported of plutonium and approximately of natural and depleted uranium to the United States under framework of the Global Threat Reduction Initiative.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/In-English/About-the-Swedish-Radiation-Safety-Authority1/News1/Swedish-plutonium-to-the-United-States/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sweden and weapons of mass destruction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|